Particularly hard-hit was the cotton industry, a key economic element in the Soviet era. Economic reform has been uneven, privatization has occurred mainly in the services sector, and the overall economy remains a command-and-control system.
Because many enterprises ceased to function or reduced production drastically after privatization, output and investment in the industrial sector have remained very low.
In the economy remained fundamentally agricultural and highly dependent on the export of aluminum and cotton, although significant growth occurred in light industries and services. Soghd Province in the north accounts for the majority of industrial and agricultural output.
The black market, heroin smuggling, and informal transactions account for a significant part of the economy. Tajikistan possesses many elements that will be needed to diversify its national economy after decades of specialization within the Soviet system. Significant deposits of gold, iron, lead, mercury, and tin exist, and some coal is present.
Some regions have ample water for irrigation, and the country's rivers are a largely untapped source of hydroelectric power generation. The labor supply is sufficient, provided Tajikistan can retain qualified workers in critical fields. The civil war of , the collapse of the integrated Soviet economic system, and the lack of significant economic reform by the post-civil war government all have severely impeded economic performance, however. Economic problems that had developed in Tajikistan during the Soviet era persisted into the first decade of independence.
These included overreliance on production of cotton and raw materials in general, a high level of unemployment, and a low standard of living. Although the old Soviet economic system ceased to exist officially, several aspects of it survived after The transition to a market economy progressed slowly, and Russia and other former Soviet republics continued to play an important role in Tajikistan's economy.
Yet Tajikistan also took the first steps toward developing economic relations with a wide assortment of other countries. Quite apart from the deliberate changes implemented by policy makers, the economy of Tajikistan was profoundly affected in the early stages of its independence by the political turmoil that accompanied the transition. Agriculture: Largest sector of economy, dominated by cotton, grain, vegetables; food production insufficient for domestic consumption.
Nearly all agricultural labor unmechanized, and output declined sharply in mids. Commitment to cotton as primary crop continues in post-Soviet era, although production has decreased. Industry and Mining: Advancement and diversification slow in s after specialized roles in Soviet period emphasized aluminum processing and chemicals. Contributed about 30 percent of net material product NMP in Productivity of nearly all industries declined in mids.
Several minerals, including gold, mined on a small scale. Energy: Hydroelectric power only major source, providing 75 percent of electricity; must import petroleum fuels and coal, only minor exploitation of domestic deposits. Power imports from neighboring countries problematic in s because of insufficient funds.
Fiscal Policy: Highly centralized government system, with little regional authority. Initial price decontrol in caused extensive hardship, led to retrenchment and resumption of strong government control of prices and wages.
In , major sources of national income value-added tax 30 percent , enterprise profits tax 26 percent , and excise tax 13 percent. Growth: GDP - real growth rate: 6 percent est.
Public debt: 6. Average growth rate was Beginning , economic growth in all sectors crippled by transformation from Soviet system and by effects of civil war. Growth was 3. Gross national saving: 8 percent of GDP est. GDP - composition, by sector of origin: agriculture: In services contributed 48 percent, agriculture GDP - composition, by end use: household consumption: Inflation rate consumer prices : 6.
Throughout the post-Soviet era, inflation has been a serious obstacle to economic growth and improvement of the standard of living. In late , inflation approached the 10 percent level. The consumer price index rose percent , percent ; controlled in by antiinflationary gov-ernment program.
Unemployment rate: 2. The unemployment rate in was 2. These are official rates; actual unemployment is much higher. According to Everyculture. After independence, the parliament adopted a privatization law, to transfer ownership of businesses to the public. However, no enterprise is privatized without the approval of a committee or ministry, and officials frequently refuse to cooperate.
In , the government created a Higher Economic Court, to handle economic disputes. Judges are subject to pressure from the executive branch, local warlords, and criminal syndicates.
Commercial Activities. The dominance of cotton has limited the growth of food products. The country cannot meet basic domestic consumption requirements, especially for meat and dairy products.
Although factories produce thread, most cotton is sent abroad for processing. There are small, obsolete factories for weaving and food processing. Drug traffickers control a large proportion of the economic activity. Major Industries. After the damming of the Vakhsh River in the s, Tajikistan became the third largest producer of hydroelectric power in the world.
The dams also enhanced agricultural production through irrigation and provided energy for industries. The aluminum-processing plant at Regar has the largest smelter in the world. Other industries include mining, chemicals, metal processing, and building materials. All industries are constrained by outmoded equipment, low world prices, emigration of the skilled labor force, and civil war.
Exports to the United States include aluminum, textiles, machinery, and cereals. Imports from the United States include grain, dairy products, eggs, honey, machinery, and preserved foods. An Afghani company opened shops in Dushanbe to sell clothing, textiles, fruits, and nuts. In , 36 percent of imports came from Russia and 21 percent of its exports went to that country. Fruits and vegetables, textiles, and paint were exported in return for automobiles, televisions, and other consumer goods.
Tajikistan exports electricity to Uzbekistan in exchange for natural gas. Other trading partners include countries in Central Asia and Europe.
Division of Labor. Jobs are assigned according to education and specialization or they are regionally determined. Political leaders and people in law enforcement usually come from the ruling clan, farmers come from the Garm area, and the Pamiris dominate the fine arts. Technical and professional jobs often go unfilled, but the most pressing economic problem is unemployment, particularly among young people.
Tajikistan relies on agriculture as its economic mainstay. The Context Tajikistan is a landlocked country with China to the east and Afghanistan to the south. The Strategy IFAD has been investing in the rural poor in Tajikistan since , by strengthening local institutions and grassroots organizations, and expanding their access to land, productive technologies and resources. Key activities include: natural resource management; implementing land reforms; and strengthening local institutions and grass-roots organizations.
Country Facts Tajikistan has done a remarkable job in reducing poverty. Tajikistan remains the poorest Central Asian country. About 35 per cent of the population is under the age of Country documents. Related Assets. Expert-Country-Highrise no delete. Mikael Kauttu Country Director m. Karim Sissoko Programme Officer k. Projects and Programmes. Projects Browser. No matching projects were found.
Related news. The International Fund for Agricultural Development IFAD and the Republic of Tajikistan signed a financing agreement today to reduce poverty and stimulate inclusive economic growth in poor rural communities. UN agency to build climate resilience among pastoralists in Tajikistan. Tajikistan Economic Growth GDP growth is seen remaining upbeat next year, after a projected acceleration this year.
Continued vaccine deployment should foster domestic activity growth, while rising remittances and foreign investment from key trading partners Russia and China are set to add additional support. Moreover, easing supply disruptions and firmer foreign demand bode well for exports.
FocusEconomics panelists project the economy to grow 5. Tajikistan Economy Data Population million 8. Sample Report 5 years of Tajikistan economic forecasts for more than 30 economic indicators. Sample Report Get a sample report showing our regional, country and commodities data and analysis. Search form Search.
Unemployment Fiscal Balance Public Debt. International Reserves External Debt. Sugar Wheat Wool. All Countries.
0コメント