In , she met Justinian, who was so enamored with her, he changed the law so that actresses could marry into high society. The following year, he married her. Justin longed to reunite the empire partly because of his philosophy of church and state. If both church and state perform their duties well, a "general harmony will result.
Justinian sent his armies to take Africa back from the weakened Vandals in He concluded a peace treaty with his Persian rivals to the east and conquered one Arabic or Slavic kingdom after another. In he invaded Italy and fought the Goths for 25 years until they had been ejected and the peninsula virtually destroyed.
By the end of his reign, Justinian had very nearly restored the boundaries of Roman Empire at its height—but at the cost of an empty treasury. In Justinian established three imperial law schools and appointed a commission to reorganize the legal system. He created what has become known as the Code of Justinian—the Corpus Juris Civilis —part of the authoritative statement of Roman law that was gradually accepted throughout Western Europe.
The Code contained much that was unapologetically Christian. He also closed the famous university at Athens, a center of pagan thought, and prosecuted the heretical Montanists. But to the faithful he was benevolent. He made it easier to free Christian slaves, gave more legal rights to women and children, made divorce harder, and reduced the number of capital crimes. Still, Justinian sought to unite his empire in religious matters.
The most bothersome division for Justinian was between the orthodox Christian believers and the Monophysites. Orthodox believers, who honored the conclusions of the Council of Chalcedon, said Jesus had two natures in one person. Monophysites said Jesus had one nature, his divinity having swallowed up his humanity like a "drop of wine in the ocean.
But more than theology was at stake. The construction and repairs held by architects Astras and Peralta and finished in Till that time, the church remained closed.
Hagia Sophia Istanbul. Justinian's Church. Hagia Sophia Facts. Hagia Sophia Museum. In the Depths of Hagia. Mosque Of Sultans. Hagia Sophia Info. Tunnels of Hagia Sophia.
Hagia Sophia Renovation. Theodosius II's Church. Constantine's Church. The next significant period of change for the Hagia Sophia began less than years later, when the Ottomans, led by Emperor Fatih Sultan Mehmed—known as Mehmed the Conqueror—captured Constantinople in The Ottomans renamed the city Istanbul. As Islam was the central religion of the Ottomans, the Hagia Sophia was renovated into a mosque. As part of the conversion, the Ottomans covered many of the original Orthodox-themed mosaics with Islamic calligraphy designed by Kazasker Mustafa İzzet.
The mosaic on the main dome—believed to be an image of Christ—was also covered by gold calligraphy. A mihrab or nave was installed in the wall, as is tradition in mosques, to indicate the direction toward Mecca, one of the holy cities of Islam.
Four minarets were also added to the original building during this period, partly for religious purposes for the muezzin call to prayer and partly to fortify the structure following earthquakes that struck the city around this time. From —nine years after the Republic of Turkey was established by Ataturk—to , the legendary structure was operated as a museum by the national government.
Beginning in , some Islamic religious leaders in the country sought to have the Hagia Sophia once again opened as a mosque. Hagia Sophia Museum. Allen, William. Matthews, Owen Hagia Sophia. Ancient History Encyclopedia. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! Subscribe for fascinating stories connecting the past to the present. The Pantheon is one of the best-preserved monuments of ancient Rome.
The structure, completed around A. The Pantheon is situated on Delphi was an ancient religious sanctuary dedicated to the Greek god Apollo. Developed in the 8th century B. The Parthenon is a resplendent marble temple built between and B. Dedicated to the Greek goddess Athena, the Parthenon sits high atop a compound of temples known as the Acropolis of Athens.
Throughout the centuries, the Ephesus was an ancient port city whose well-preserved ruins are in modern-day Turkey. The city was once considered the most important Greek city and the most important trading center in the Mediterranean region.
0コメント