Other anti-seizure drugs such as the standard form of gabapentin and pregabalin can decrease such sensory disturbances as creeping and crawling as well as nerve pain. Dizziness, fatigue, and sleepiness are among the possible side effects. Recent studies have shown that pregabalin is as effective for RLS treatment as the dopaminergic drug pramipexole, suggesting this class of drug offers equivalent benefits.
Dopaminergic agents. These drugs, which increase dopamine effect, are largely used to treat Parkinson's disease. They have been shown to reduce symptoms of RLS when they are taken at nighttime.
These drugs are generally well tolerated but can cause nausea, dizziness, or other short-term side effects. Levodopa plus carbidopa may be effective when used intermittently, but not daily. Although dopamine-related medications are effective in managing RLS symptoms, long-term use can lead to worsening of the symptoms in many individuals.
With chronic use, a person may begin to experience symptoms earlier in the evening or even earlier until the symptoms are present around the clock. Over time, the initial evening or bedtime dose can become less effective, the symptoms at night become more intense, and symptoms could begin to affect the arms or trunk.
Fortunately, this apparent progression can be reversed by removing the person from all dopamine-related medications. Another important adverse effect of dopamine medications that occurs in some people is the development of impulsive or obsessive behaviors such as obsessive gambling or shopping.
Should they occur, these behaviors can be improved or reversed by stopping the medication. Drugs such as methadone, codeine, hydrocodone, or oxycodone are sometimes prescribed to treat individuals with more severe symptoms of RLS who did not respond well to other medications. Side effects include constipation, dizziness, nausea, exacerbation of sleep apnea, and the risk of addiction; however, very low doses are often effective in controlling symptoms of RLS.
These drugs can help individuals obtain a more restful sleep. However, even if taken only at bedtime they can sometimes cause daytime sleepiness, reduce energy, and affect concentration. Benzodiazepines such as clonazepam and lorazepam are generally prescribed to treat anxiety, muscle spasms, and insomnia.
Because these drugs also may induce or aggravate sleep apnea in some cases, they should not be used in people with this condition. These are last-line drugs due to their side effects. RLS is generally a lifelong condition for which there is no cure. However, current therapies can control the disorder, minimize symptoms, and increase periods of restful sleep.
Symptoms may gradually worsen with age, although the decline may be somewhat faster for individuals who also suffer from an associated medical condition.
In addition, some individuals have remissions—periods in which symptoms decrease or disappear for days, weeks, months, or years—although symptoms often eventually reappear. The mission of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke NINDS is to seek fundamental knowledge about the brain and nervous system and to use that knowledge to reduce the burden of neurological disease.
There is a relationship between genetics and RLS. However, currently there is no genetic testing. ACE Fitness reports that OTS — overtraining syndrome —contributes to restless sleep or insomnia due to the release of epinephrine.
This stress hormone will not only keep you agitated, but sap you of the rest you need. Regular, moderate exercise is an important treatment for RLS. If exercise seems to be making the symptoms worse, try reducing the intensity of your workouts to see if you are over-training. If that doesn't help, it may be beneficial to move your exercise earlier in the day or trying to stay active after workout sessions. Caffeine, tobacco and alcohol have been shown to contribute to RLS symptoms so reducing or eliminating these should help.
Consult your doctor about dietary changes to correct deficiencies in iron says Harvard Health , folic acid or magnesium. Fitness Workouts Leg Exercises. Aubrey Bailey is a Doctor of Physical Therapy with an additional degree in psychology and board certification in hand therapy.
A sleep specialist answers the most common questions about RLS and treatments. Is crossing your legs really as dangerous as some myths claim?
Learn the facts about the effects of crossing your legs on blood pressure, varicose…. Health Conditions Discover Plan Connect. How much time each day should you be exercising?
What type of exercise should you be doing? Stretching routine. Share on Pinterest. Bottom line. The scale for assessing the severity of RLS involved 10 items each having 5 options. Every question had 0 to 4 points. The maximum score was 40 and a high score indicated the severity of disease. The participants with less than 10 points were mild, 11 to 20 points were moderate; 21 to 30 points were severe and above 31 was very severe. All interviewers and personnel who handled the questionnaires were blinded to study allocation of the participants.
All participants signed written consent after full explanation of the procedure. After screening all the patients who were in the list of hemodialysis ward and identifying patients with RLS, 36 people were included in the study. They were divided randomly into two member control and intervention groups.
One patient was excluded from the intervention group because of not completing stretching exercises sessions, and two patients were excluded from the control group one of them had died and the other one was not cooperative.
In total, the study continued with 33 people 17 patients in the intervention group and 16 patients in the control group. According to the results, Most participants were married The most common diseases among the participants were hypertension An overwhelming majority of the participants Most of the participants were suffering from medium to severe of RLS and there was no meaningful difference between the intervention and control groups in the beginning of the study.
Also the results of t-test show that the changes in the severity of RLS symptoms before intervention and after 4 weeks were not statistically meaningful between intervention and control groups. In this study, the severity scores in the intervention group were The changes are totally significant, but not in the control group. The present research indicated that stretching exercises for 8 weeks 24 sessions on legs during hemodialysis improves the RLS symptoms Figure 1.
Since the hemodialysis patients are often disabled and they spend most of their time on dialysis beds, they are usually inactive. Therefore, the proposed stretching exercises can be very helpful because they focus only on lower body limbs and have no side effects such as disruption in the hemodialysis treatment due.
The results of this research are compatible with the other studies. Sakkas et al. Aukerman et al. However, in this study no meaningful change was detected after the 6 th week to the end of 12 th week. Therefore, 8 weeks exercise can suffice to prove the effectiveness of stretching exercises on the severity of RLS symptoms. In contrast, some researchers like Ohayon et al.
Therefore, hemodialysis patients are recommended to avoid severe and hard sport programs especially before bedtime. According to this fact, the present study examined the effects of intradialytic mild or moderate stretching exercises. The present research also showed that most participants Since the RLS symptoms appear or worsen in immobility, physical activity improves the symptoms Therefore, having a mild, regular exercise program can help to alleviate the RLS symptoms and will enhance the health of the people suffering from the syndrome.
Scientists believe despite the fact that the real cause of RLS is still unknown; the syndrome is more common among diabetic patients 5. On the other hand, diabetes is one of causes of renal failure; it is more common among hemodialysis patients.
This study proved this finding too. Because in our findings, the most common diseases in patients suffering from RLS were diabetes. Regarding the positive effect of stretching exercises on hemodialysis patients, nurses in charge of diabetic patients are also recommended to train them in the exercises to improve their life quality.
This study has found that the most common drug used by the participants is amlodipine. This drug blocks calcium channels and is used for heart diseases. According to different studies, people who use calcium channel blockers are more vulnerable to RLS 5.
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